Venice has suffered from flooding since the city’s founding, but in the 20th century, high water levels, ‘acqua alta’ in Italian, followed each other faster and faster. Not only is the sea level rising, the city is also sinking into the uneven ground. Currently, Venice is up to 25 cm lower than in 1897, when the current official reference level was established. The local relative sea level rise was about two meters between Roman times and the 20th century, averaging 13 cm per century. The city is subsiding due to a combination of natural causes and human actions. The groundwater pumping, large-scale landfill and the construction of the industrial area of Marghera and the up to 18 meters deep channels for large oil tankers and cruise ships have disrupted the biological balance between deposition and erosion in the lagoon. Water flows from the interior into the lagoon in 36 places, chased by the Bora wind in winter. The most serious flood in the city’s history, with water reaching 1.9 meters above mean level on November 4, 1966, was due to a combination of abundant rainfall in the hinterland and an unfavorable spike in tidal resonance of the Adriatic Sea, enhanced by an exceptional sirocco wind. The MOSE Project is part of an initiative of the national government to strengthen the resilience of the coastal regions with environmental measures. Around the lagoon, the sandy beaches, jetties and quay walls in the wider area are also being reinforced over a length of more than 60 kilometers.